Zhang, S.-R., Nishimura, Y., Vierinen, J., Lyons, L. R., Knipp, D. J., Gustavsson, B. J., Waghule, B. V., Erickson, P. J., Coster, A. J., Aa, E. & Spicher, A. (2023). Simultaneous Global Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With Penetration Electric Fields During Intense and Minor Solar and Geomagnetic Disturbances. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(19), e2023GL104250. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl104250

• Simultaneous global ionospheric disturbances (SGDs) are often observed even during minor solar and geomagnetic disturbances

• SGDs occur predominately on dayside and are related to penetration electric fields (PEFs) of solar wind and geomagnetic disturbance origin

• Global GNSS networks offer a novel and effective technique for continuous PEF monitoring, providing rich datasets for further study

Simultaneous Global Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With Penetration Electric Fields During Intense and Minor Solar and Geomagnetic Disturbances Shun‐Rong Zhang, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Juha Vierinen, Larry R. Lyons, Delores J. Knipp, Björn J. Gustavsson, Bhagyashree V. Waghule, Philip J. Erickson, Anthea J. Coster, Ercha Aa, Andres Spicher