We provide evidence that midlatitude postsunrise traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are comprised of electrified waves with an eastward propagation component. The post-sunrise gravity wave (GW) wind-induced dynamo action effectively generated periodic meridional polarization electric fields (PEFs), facilitating TID zonal propagation in a similar fashion as GW-driven neutral perturbations.
Zhang, S.-R., Erickson, P. J., Gasque, L. C., Aa, E., Rideout, W., Vierinen, J., et al. (2021). Electrified postsunrise ionospheric perturbations at Millstone Hill. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL095151. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095151
